Julius Caesar Questionnaire

Act I 1. What do the last 4 lines of scene I recommend about the status of the individuals under Caesar’s rule? 2. â€Å"Foreshadowing† is the strategy of setting up a peruser or crowd for something to happen later in the account. â€Å"Beware the Ides of March† is a case of such a procedure. Would you be able to think about what occasion might be foreshadowed by the Soothsayer’s admonitions in scene II? (I, 21) 3. A lot of scene II is offered over to Cassius’s addresses to Brutus, attempting to convince him that he should run as opposed to Caesar. Given this reality, what was the motivation behind scene I? 4. Does Brutus reveal to Cassius why he has been feeling â€Å"passions of some difference† recently? (II, 45) Could they identify with his affections for Caesar as ruler? 5. Cassius reveals to Brutus that â€Å"many† wished Brutus saw himself the manner in which they do. For what reason is it significant that he discloses to Brutus that such individuals are â€Å"groaning underneath this age’s yoke†? (II, 66) What does that mean? 6. I'm not catching Cassius' meaning when he depicts his job for Brutus as â€Å"your glass†? (II, 73) 7. What do you think Brutus implies when he tells his companion that his recommendation might be significant â€Å"if it be nothing toward the general good†? II, 91) 8. How does â€Å"lov[ing] respect more than [fearing] death† (II, 95) identify with Brutus’s turning out to be best? 9. For what reason does Brutus disclose to Cassius the anecdote about Caesar and himself, swimming the Tiber River and dreading for their lives? 10. Sum up the significance and purpose of Cassius’s discourse to Brutus in lines II, 144-167. 11. What is Caesar’s disposition toward Cassius (II, 205-219)? 12. After what you have caught wind of Caesar during his standard, do you accept he was certified in his longing to decline the crown of ruler, or not? (II, 269 ff. ) Why? 13. Give proof from scene II to clarify why Cassius is plotting to oust Caesar. 14. â€Å"So each bondman in his own hand bears the ability to drop his bondage. † Explain Casca’s explanation with regards to the Romans’ developing feelings of trepidation of Caesar’s â€Å"monstrosity†. (III, 106-107) 15. To what in particular does Cassius attribute Caesar’s feeling that his forces be worked out? (III, 110-111) 16. What â€Å"enterprise† is Cassius alluding to in lines III, 129-136? 17. Casca and Cassius trust Brutus will change once he is in power. How would they portray this change? (III, 161-167). Act II 1. Sum up, in a sentence or two, Brutus’s discourse on pp. 21-22. Alsoâ€has Brutus chose to align himself with Cassius and attempt to topple Caesar? 2. Do you think Brutus and Cassius have adequate grounds to topple Caesar, despite the fact that quite a bit of their trepidation is by all accounts dependent on feelings instead of Caesar’s terrible deeds? Why? 3. What are Brutus’s most profound sentiments about his arrangement to kill Caesar? (pp. 23-24) 4. â€Å"Oh, that we at that point could stop by (impact) Caesar’s soul/And not dissect Caesar! Yet, oh,/Caesar must seep for it! Brutus despite everything has second thoughts about the homicide. Why, at that point, must Caesar still â€Å"bleed for† his abuseâ€or potential abuseâ€of power? (I, 178-180) 5. For what reason do you think Caesar has developed â€Å"superstitious of late†? (I, 208) 6. Do you think Brutus is deceiving his better half, Portia, when he discloses to her he is â€Å"not well in health†? (I, 272) 7. Calpurnia reveals to her significant other, Caesar, â€Å"When hobos kick the bucket, there are no comets seen; the sky themselves blast forward the passing of sovereigns. † Explain concerning Caesar’s rule of Rome. (II, 31-32) 8. Caesar says, â€Å"Cowards kick the bucket commonly before their demises; the valiant taste of death however once. † Explain. (II, 33-34) [Note: This line is one of Shakespeare’s generally acclaimed. ] 9. For what reason is it huge that Caesar lets one know of his killers, Decius, â€Å"I love you†? (II, 78) [Note the play on Decius’s name: To bite the dust is to become â€Å"deceased†. ] 10. Do you think the plotters are propelled by â€Å"emulation† (envy) as Artemidorus says they seem to be? Why or why not? (III, 14) 11. To whom does the Soothsayer owe faithfulness? Why, do you think? (III, 32) Act III 1. â€Å"Et tu (you, as well? ), Brute? At that point fall, Caesar! † says Caesar, biting the dust. What do his withering words state about Caesar’s respect for Brutus’s sentiment? Might he have implied something else by the inquiry, do you think? (scene I, line 84) 2. â€Å"Ambition’s obligation is paid. † Explain the importance of this announcement, articulated by Brutus on Caesar’s death. (I, 90) 3. Lines III, 121-123 demonstrated judicious under 150 years after Shakespeare’s demise with the insurrection of the British during the English Revolution against their ruler, Charles I, and his homicide on January 30, 1649. To what other recorded occasions does Caesar’s murder relate? . Sum up Antony’s assessments toward Caesar after the homicide is submitted? (Counsel both III, 217-224 and III, 275-296 for this inquiry. ) 5. For what reason does Antony get to know Brutus, Cassius, and different backstabbers? (III, 235) 6. When is â€Å"death† a reasonable di scipline for â€Å"ambition†? (III, 29) 7. â€Å"I have done no more to Caesar than you will do to Brutus,† says Brutus in his memorial service discourse. Disclose concerning question 1, above. (III, 36-37) Does Brutus hope to be killed, as well? (III, 45-47) 8. â€Å"And Brutus is a fair man,† is the abstain of Mark Antony’s celebrated commendation f Caesar on page 56. Given his communicated love for the fallen pioneer, this hold back passes on Antony’s outrage at the killers through ironyâ€saying one thing however meaning something an incredible inverse. However, Antony concedes, solidly, that he â€Å"does not know† the entire story of Caesar’s purported â€Å"ambition† and in this way leaves himselfâ€and Brutus and the conspiratorsâ€the alternative to praise the deadly demonstration once he knows more. Work on saying this unpredictable speech resoundingly and attempt to give this abstain an affectation that passes on Antony’s antagonistic vibe. . Seeing that he has gotten under the skin of the group to bloodthirstyness, Antony’s mockery turns smooth; when, at III, 225, he emphasizes that the backstabbers â€Å"are astute and honorable†, he appears to mean it and incl inations the individuals to listen cautiously to the reasons given by the plotters for the homicide. What was Antony’s genuine reason in the commendation? Did he accomplish it or not, given the way that the group does, truth be told, head out to murder Brutus? Act IV 1. What is the topical noteworthiness of Portia’s passing? That is, the reason do you think the dramatist thought it simply that the lead schemer and usurper, Brutus, ought to lose his better half because of his having taken an interest in the intrigue? (II, III) 2. â€Å"There is a tide in the undertakings of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; precluded, all a mind-blowing journey is bound in shallows and agonies. † [This is another of Shakespeare’s most well known lines. ] Explain the importance and centrality of this announcement to the war between the armies of Antony and Brutus by alluding to III, 250-252. . Sum up, in a sentence or two, Act IV’s significance to the play. Act V 1. â€Å"O Julius Caesar! Thou workmanship strong yet. Thy soul strolls abroad and turns our blades in our own appropriate insides. † What truth about wars may this discourse by Brutus be said to recognize? (III, 101-102) 2. What occasion does this discourse (â€Å"O Julius Caesar †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) forecast? (V, 57) 3. Imprint Antony’s discourse builds up, for the last time, that Brutus’s expectations were respectable, and his truthfulness in working for a definitive decent of the Roman individuals veritable. What, at that point, does Octavius mean when he recommends that the successful powers of Antony â€Å"use† his memory by arranging a â€Å"respectful† entombment? What essentialness may such a burial service have for the Roman state? (V, 82-83) 4. Since you have perused the play completely, choose for yourself whether Shakespeare accepted that the homicide of Caesar was to the greatest advantage of the Roman individuals? To respond to this inquiry, ponder the realities of the play: who lives? (were their demonstrations just? ), who kicks the bucket? (were their demonstrations unjustifiable? , and how do the discourses related with their demises shed light in transit â€Å"God† (on account of an imaginary story, the writer himself) would pass judgment on them and their activities? 5. Since Brutus himself is said to have been â€Å"the noblest Roman of all† (V, 74), for what reason do you think Shakespeare slaughters him off before the play’s end? Tha t is, is Shakespeare passing on any message, good or useful, by murdering him off? [Remember: The peruser must accept that nothing in such a play is incorporated unintentionally. ]

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates Composing a resume can be hard in any event, for the most prepared proficient. Keeping in touch with one to net you your first occupation out of school can be out and out alarming. Here are 14â tricks you can use to boost your odds of getting the meeting, and getting your vocation looking incredible so far. 1. Utilize an expert email addressIt may have been an incredible giggle to be longduckdong16@yahoo.com once upon a time, yet now that you’re entering the grown-up world, the opportunity has already come and gone to consider something a piece more†¦ develop. It may even assist with making a location devoted exclusively to work looking and your expert life. If all else fails, lastname.firstname or firstinitial.lastname@gmail.com should do the trick.2. Connection to LinkedInIf you don’t as of now have a LinkedIn profile, make one. It will be an essential instrument for you now and in the many work a very long time to come. Once you’ve set yourself up pleasa ntly, adhere to the guidelines on the site to make an altered connection, for example www.linkedin.com/in/YourNameMBA and remember it for your resume. This will be especially helpful if you’re presenting a pdf; the enrollment specialist will just need to tap on the connection to discover your profile.3. Don’t cushion it with fluffBS may have worked in your human science introduction class, however an expert employing supervisor is going to see directly through trendy expressions like â€Å"team player† and â€Å"ambitious self-starter.† Try to be more one of a kind in your promise decision and show your experience instead of depending on catchphrases. On the off chance that your expected set of responsibilities is plainly exhibiting your cooperation or authority abilities, at that point you don’t need to oversell the point.4. OptimizeThat stated, catchphrases are a significant and valuable instrument, especially when your resume may be assessed onl ine before arriving at a conscious human. As opposed to simply incorporate the standard â€Å"hardworking† and â€Å"strong leader† terms you think you need to incorporate, take a stab at utilizing catchphrases remembered for the activity posting itself. That’s a definite fire approach to get a company’s attention. Give them what they’re looking for!5. Keep secondary school separate from itHiring administrators are significantly more intrigued by your applicable work understanding and what kind of work (and grades) you did in school. Likewise any abilities or accreditations you may have gotten en route. Counting secondary school training just makes you look like you’re frantic for filler. If all else fails, leave it out.6. Incorporate your GPAIf your GPA is 3.0 or higher, feel free to boast about it. Also, if your GPA inside your major is much higher than that, feature that accomplishment. They won’t care on the off chance that you go t a C+ in Underwater Basket-weaving. In any case, on the off chance that you have a 4.0 in Economics, they’ll make certain to pay attention.7. Don’t incorporate your schoolworkWhile your GPA or major can be an advantage in your pursuit of employment, no selection representative truly needs to know how you invested your class energy (except if you accomplished something extremely one of a kind and energizing and additionally lofty). They essentially recognize what school is about-even explicit to your major. Temporary positions are considerably more significant and great; center around those.8. Play up your solid pointsIf you have a major temporary position or some other work experience that’s too noteworthy, lead with that. On the off chance that you don’t, it’s alright to lead with different things, for example, your evaluations, your concentrated programming information, unknown dialect abilities, programming experience, and so forth. On the off chance that you have huge amounts of praises yet little work understanding, you despite everything may have enough oomph to get your foot in the entryway for an interview.9. Incorporate organization descriptionsFor every business in your work history, incorporate a concise portrayal of the organization especially on the off chance that it isn’t a notable brand-name organization that individuals will as of now be acquainted with. Only a feeling of the business, the work done, and the workplace ought to do it. Keep it brief to amplify space.10. Use bulletsBullet directs are an emphatic visual route toward cause a recruiter’s to notice precisely what you’d like for them to concentrate on. Feel free to utilize this to further your potential benefit. Reward: you’ll get focuses for clear and eye-accommodating formatting.11. Use activity verbsLet your language do the boasting, particularly in the event that you don’t have a mess of work understanding. You can place all the work action words into segments portraying your other experience. We’re thinking: oversaw, drove, directed, created, made, fabricated, etc.12. BragGo ahead and incorporate any distinctions, grants, or extracurricular accomplishments you may have added to your repertoire. Can’t hurt, may help.13. Rundown your pertinent skillsRead the expected set of responsibilities cautiously and on different occasions. Also, make certain to select and list the entirety of the aptitudes it says are required for qualification. Inability to list that you do, truth be told, have familiarity with that programming language, is your blunder. The enrollment specialist isn’t answerable for comprehending what you expect they should know. Try to expressly list the things they’re searching for as things you can do.14. Don’t incorporate referencesDon’t squander space on the â€Å"References accessible on request† line. It’s as of now inf erred. In the event that they draw near enough to employing you to require them, have confidence that they will inquire. You can likewise remember this line for your introductory letter instead.Now investigate TopResume’s infographic displaying what an ideal resume for ongoing school graduates would resemble:

Long-Term Investment Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Long haul Investment Strategy - Essay Example Once more, the investment funds must be an equivalent measure of cash that I get from my security subsidize each month. I truly need that when I resign, I have enough cash that can empower me to construct a greater and costly private home and furthermore have business premises in the city. In this way, notwithstanding putting something aside for my youngsters, I’d like to spare near $6 million for the premises venture. To have the option to accomplish every one of these objectives, my month to month retirement reserve funds must be placed into a speculation that will empower this cash to increase. This will push me to both spare and contribute simultaneously. By sparing, I will have the option to win a premium consistently and when I contribute, there are continues that I will profit by in type of benefits. My retirement reserve funds every month is $1,000. I’ll have the option to take this fixed measure of cash month to month and put it in fitting venture. The minimal effort shared assets and ETFs that pull in well known market files will be ideal for this procedure however dollar costing should be possible for any venture. This has two advantages, first by setting aside a similar sum each month; one forms the propensity for sparing and contributing simultaneously. Besides, one would purchase more offers when they are modest and when costs shoot, one winds up with similar offers henceforth contributing a similar sum. Averagely, I will have the option to purchase more when a speculation is modest than when it is costly. To purchase inexpensively is a method of creating long haul benefits and by utilizing dollar-cost averaging, one can exploit changing costs and add it to your benefits. In contributing, I’ll be searching for two things significantly, my momentum pay and long haul venture. To have the option to accomplish these, my future possibilities will be to put into profit stock. This will give me the best decisions delivering solid and developing profits while I’ll still have the option to partake in the possibilities of the organization basic the business. I’ll need to continue checking with my specialist to realize what administrations it offers. Give that there are several top notch blue chip profit stock, together with numerous ETFs and shared assets having some expertise in profits, it will never be difficult for me to discover promising possibility for my venture portfolio. As great financial specialists state, effective speculation doesn't depend on the picking of extraordinary stocks and other venture, yet it additionally relies upon clinging to however much of what you gain as could be expected. This speculation technique will have the option to consider methods of keeping the IRS under control as capital additions expenses can get into my venture returns. I understand that I’ll even have the option to exploit tax reductions which are accessible for retirement reserve funds by puttin g resources into business supported retirement plans. Much pay is regularly protected from charges as long as the cash remains in the record, contingent upon how much development one can get from the retirement investment funds. In any case, for some retirement accounts, one needs to pay charges when they need to pull back cash in retirement, however IRAs and 401 (k)s make the personal tax exempt. At the point when one needs to contribute, having a strong procedure makes his speculation arrangements less scary than if the methodology isn't solid to make the venture to be nerve wracking. My procedure will depend generally and be founded to a great extent on advertise productivity. This is the place I should keep on watch with my agent to screen when the offers are sold economically in the market for me to get them. This will empower me to buy a ton of offers and profits economically. At that point when the costs shoot, I will be

Willy Lomans Death Essay - 1100 Words

Willy Loman's Death (Essay Sample) Content: Wanshu QiuProfessorWR 150October 19, 2012.Willy Loman's DeathPossibly the most important and popular question that most people ask after reading Death of a Salesman is who is to blame for Willy Lomans death? In the article who is to Blame for Willy Lomans Death, Danqing Zheng explains several possibilities that lead to Willys death. She believes that the American dream and the great Depression is the possibilities that lead to that poor mans death, and she also believe Willys tragic life is also victimized by his own flaws in his character.From an existentialist point of view, I believe that this salesmans death was caused by himself and not the society. Again, by understanding the term, Bad Faith and Falsehood, I will argue that he is hiding the truth from himself. In fact, Willy just ignores the facts and lives with his own illusion. Willy's death has been explored using different approaches in the article. Zheng suggests that the American dream is a possible reaso n that explains the death of Willy. She suggests that the American dream is all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, which among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (Zheng 2). Zheng argues that media shapes the business world, suggesting that people should earn a lot of money. It cannot be denied that Willy could have been misled by this notion. He invested most of his lifetime into the business world since he was a boy, looking for more money and elusive respect. Willy spent around 45 years, searching for these things in vain.However, it is not surprising that people like Willy endeavored to achieve such success without realizing a breakthrough. The truth is that a significant percentage of the American people failed to live the American dream. Since sections of the populations failed to achieve success, it is arguable that the act of killing oneself is personal. Clearly, the death of Willy had nothing to do with the American society. The other reason that could be brought forward to account for the death of Willy is the great depression. In the play, Loman reflects to a happy past when his son, Biff was having good prospects as an upcoming footballer. However, people such as Loman adopted the hallucinating approach in order to escape from the realities of the times. Apparently, the happy times were around 1928, which was a year before the Great Depression. Before the Great Depression, the United States experienced considerable progression in terms of economic and social wellness. However, after the depression, factories across industries began closing down as the global economy shrank. The collapse of the Wall Street herald an era of economic hardships. A vast majority of people was rendered jobless and the search for solutions took top priority. As the depression' effects were felt, it became apparent that the American dream had become shattered. This view is held in regards to a wid e spread of desperation as opposed to optimism which characterized the American society. Based on this establishment, Willy could point on the economic collapse as a reason for his hopeless actions (Zheng 3). However, several Americans were facing similar circumstances although they kept going. Consequently, it is untenable to argue that the Great Depression led to his death.Willy Loman should take the responsibility of his own death. He is person that should to blame for his own death. Ben, a brother to Willy, entered the jungle at the age of 17and when he came back, he had gathered much that made the latter envious. Instead of taking out the positives from the success that Ben had hinted, Willy used the dream to enhance his movement to the grave. As Willy tried to expedite his achievement of the dream, he adopted misleading philosophies. For instance, Wily thought that, a man can end up with diamonds here on the basis of being liked (Zheng 4). At the end of the play, Loman realize d he has failed. In essence, Willy was just obsessed and he was irresponsible for his actions. Although, America was facing a difficult time, there were people who were doing well. His brother Ben exemplifies this observation. According to Satre, nobody is responsible for what preceded his or her existence because we do not choose to come to the world, but we are thrown into it (Manley 47). However, we hold responsibility for every all that follows. Hence, the tragic end to the events is directly attributable to Willy's illusions about life and his inability to take responsibility for his life. As Carson states, the use of drama (as a theme or plot in a story) key source in the learning process as it a vital representation of the varying dimensions of society and phases of human life (Manley 34). Arthurs piece on the death of a salesman is among the highlights of the dramatist style in writing. In the article, the death of Loman leaves much to be desired as the issue raises several questions regarding the American society. The piece of drama depicts how societal values become ingrained into the lives of people to an extent that some characters decide to lean to them dangerously. However, based on Satre's theory, each individual is in charge of his or her affairs. Thus, no person is allowed to come up with excuses to justify whatever actions that they undertake. Thus, based on the theory, Loman's life is lost because of his own faults.Similarly, I hold the same view that Loman's death had nothing to do with the American dream. I hold this view since several people find themselves in...

The Changing Definition Of Freedom Essay - 1420 Words

The Changing Definition of Freedom in the US Jasmin Mesner History to 1877 12 October 2016 Many ideas are important within the American culture, but to the American sense of patriotism, freedom is most fundamental. The idea of freedom is central to the American politics – which is at times referred to as liberty. Since the birth of the nation, freedom has been the vocabulary of the American language and its importance cannot be underestimated. The Declaration of Independence, for instance, ranks liberty as an inalienable right. On the other hand, the Constitution reckons that it purposes to protect civilians’ liberty. The importance of freedom has even stretched further than the political arena and has prompted the birth of civil rights movements and other activist protests. The Cold War and the Civil War were all for the cause of freedom. The importance that Americans attach to freedom can also be demonstrated from the erection of statues, banishment of slavery, use of liberty poles and a right to vote for adults. For many years, women and the African Ameri cans have for a long time fought against denial and infringement of their freedom . However, given the importance that Americans affiliate to freedom in the conceptualization of their country, it has been the subject of modifications over the course of years especially before the Revolutionary War. The Revolution brought with it numerous reforms with regards to what freedom entails. During this period,Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between 1920 And The 1920s1367 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom has long since been defined by those who hold to most prosperous and advantageous positions in society. 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William Shakespeare s Portia - 1535 Words

A protagonist is also often the character around whom the action of the play revolves. By this test, Portia is also the protagonist, as without her, very little in the play would have remained the same. Had Bassanio not been in love with Portia, he never would have asked Antonio for the money to woo her and Antonio would not have entered into the bond with Shylock. Similarly, had the laws in the Court of Justice been interpreted by any other lawyer, it I likely that Antonio would have lost his life. At 588 lines, Portia also has more lines than any other character; 233 more than Shylock s 355 lines and 400 more than Antonio s 188. Because of this, the scenes surrounding the caskets in Portia s home should be viewed as trials for the protagonist, and not a sub-plot, as they are often described. By any definition, Portia is the protagonist of the play-- she exhibits the greatest change, the action of the play revolves around her, and she has the largest number of spoken lines. 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Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Walmart free essay sample

Wal-MartCase 8: Sustaining Competitive advantage Question 1: What are the isolating mechanisms preserving Wal-Mart’s competitive advantage in the US market? (use readings case 7) Sam Walton was the founder of Wal-Mart. Sam had the idea of reaching small towns in rural areas where the people had to travel many miles to do their shopping. This was a big market that was initially ignored by the major players before Wal-Mart. Eventually Wal-Mart grew to become market leader among the US discount department stores. The core of their success was defined by their technological superiority and the way Wal-Mart treats her associates (customers, employees and suppliers). According to the resource-based theory of a firm, there are two characteristics that resources must have to maintain sustainability of the firm’s competitive advantage: 1 Scarcity 2 Imperfect mobility Concerning Wal-Mart, Imperfect mobility might be more obvious: During the years, Wal-Mart developed a technological superiority that provided the company with almost real-time information about inventory, suppliers and buyers. These capabilities and resources made it possible for Wal-Mart to apply the ‘everyday low prices’ strategy. This sophisticated technology in the sense of experience, know-how and mass investment made it very difficult for competitors to imitate or neutralize Wal-Mart’s competitive advantage. Sustaining this competitive advantage, Wal-Mart made use of several isolating mechanisms: Impediments to Imitation: 1 Legal restrictions: This implies the use patents or other IP means. This is not relevant to Wal-Mart’s story. Superior Access to inputs or Customers: Firms often achieve favorable access to inputs by controlling the sources of supply through ownership or long-term exclusive contracts. Given the fact that Wal-Mart was targeting rural areas, they didn’t have distributors falling over themselves to serve them like competitors in larger towns. Their only alternative: building their own warehouses. Wal-Mart used a two-step, hub-and-spoke distribution network. Wal-Mart trucks bring the merchandise to the distribution center, where it is sorted for delivery to the Wal-Mart stores.80% of the purchases for the Wal-Mart stores were shipped from its own 27 distribution centers. Also because of their Technological superiority, Wal-Mart has access to a lot of detailed, real-time information. This way, Wal-Mart store managers have full access to real-time inventory data. Suppliers have a direct communication with Wal-Mart concerning deliveries, etc. Employees and top management are in close contact through satellite technology. Many insights and opportunities can be discovered in the aggregated customer data. This superior management of information sets Wal-Mart apart from competitors in the US and gives Wal-Mart the competitive advantage to set very low prices. 3 Market size and scale economies: In the beginning, Wal-Mart was the underdog in the market. So it surely did not benefit from economies of scale. Now Wal-Mart is market leader in the US and definitely has economies of scale. But, in my opinion, this may be explained better through other isolation mechanisms. 4 Intangible Barriers to Imitation. Causal ambiguity: causal ambiguity can be explained in situations where the causes of a firm’s ability to create more value than its competitors are obscure and only imperfectly understood. F. e. Tacit knowledge. Employees over time develop certain skills that may be specific for a certain company. Explaining those specific skills to another company may be very hard. Wal-Mart puts a lot of effort in training their employees and motivating them by giving them more responsibility and recognition. F. e.giving their store managers more latitude in setting prices empowered their managers to sell at their optimal price instead of following a general price for every store. This way employees develop a certain expertise, know-how that is very specific to Wal-Mart and can’t be imitated easily by direct competitors. b Dependence on Historical Circumstances: A firm’s history of strategic action comprises its unique experiences in adapting to the business environment. These experiences can make the firm uniquely capable of pursuing its own strategy and incapable of imitating the  strategies of competitors. Wal-Mart started as the underdog in small towns in rural areas. This was a very tough position to start in, but with the dedication of Sam Walton and its associates, Wal-Mart became US leader in discount stores. With that, Wal-Mart cumulated a lot of experience. c Social Complexity: Socially complex phenomena include the interpersonal relations of managers in a firm and the relationship between the firm’s managers and those of its suppliers and customers. Wal-Mart has a very open culture regarding its associates. Employees are motivated to use the â€Å"YesWeCanSam† suggestion program give ideas to simplify, improve or eliminate work. Profit sharing accounts were available for employees after one year. Based on earnings growth, Wal-Mart contributed a percentage of every eligible employee’s wage to his or her profit sharing account, whose balance the employee could take upon leaving the company either in cash or Wal-Mart stock. Basically having a small cut of Wal-Mart’s profit after leaving the company. This way, employees had a very tight bond with Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart also had an ‘open door’ policy: associates such as managers and suppliers were very well informed about the numbers of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart was known as a no-nonsense negotiator among its suppliers. Very often suppliers evolved into ‘partnerships’. Installing EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) gave suppliers all the information they needed about Wal-Mart. In general, Wal-Mart focused on building loyalty among associates, customers and suppliers. Early-Mover Advantages:  Learning curve: A firm that has sold higher volumes of output that its competitors in earlier periods will move farther down the learning curve and achieve lower unit costs than its rivals. This is definitely true for Wal-Mart. 2 Reputation and buyer uncertainty: Once the firm’s reputation has been created, the firm will have an advantage competing for new customers, increasing the number of customers who have had success ful trials and thus further strengthening its reputation. Quality of services for customers and suppliers are very high at Wal-Mart. Buyer switching costs: Customers have low switching costs at discount stores. Although there might be some switching costs involved for small town folks where the next discount store, next to Wal-Mart, is many miles away. 4 Network effects: The more users in the actual network, the greater the opportunities for communication, and the greater the value of the network. This might not be very relevant for Wal-Mart. Maybe only relevant for its EDI platform for its suppliers. Summary of potential factors: 1 Build own warehouses2 locating stores in isolated rural areas which everyone ignored 3 Obsessed with keeping prices below everybody else’s 4 Workfloor: doing things different, unpredictable, interesting and fun. 5 Walton knew his competitors intimately and copied their best ideas. 6 Staying humble during Wal-Mart’s success. 7 Open-door policy 8 empowering associates, maintaining technological superiority and building loyalty among associates, customers and suppliers. 9 ev eryday-low prices, Wal-Mart had very few promotions. advertising was low. Gives store managers more latitude in setting prices centrally priced, direct competitors 11 Efforts to replace foreign-sourced goods with american-made ones. 12 Quick communication with managers to adjust inflow of products gt; avoid overstocking and deep discounting. 13 Hub-and-spoke distribution network 14 Cross-docking = no inventory gt; immediately shifting goods from the suppliers truck to the Wal-Mart truck. 15 EDI: very close connection with their suppliers 16 Close connection with employees